Overview of innovations in organization for learning 學習型組織的創新

Overview of innovations in organization for learning

學習型組織的創新

Abstract

Five approaches to organization for learning are reviewed: student grouping practices, nongrading, individualizing instruction, departmentalization in the elementary school, and cooperative teaching. The review relates these approaches to the accomplishment of eight basic instructional aims in the cognitive and affective areas. The critical review of each type of organizational plan considers problems of design, implementation, and evaluation. The general conclusion reached is that, while several of the approaches hold considerable promise for improving instruction, there usually are serious shortcomings in program design and implementation that prevent determining their potential contributions.

檢討五種學習型組織的途徑：1.學生分組的做法，2.混齡( nongrading )，3.個別化教學，4 在小學的部門化，5.合作教學。

審查涉及這些方法的八個基本的認知和情感領域的教學目標的實現。

每種類型的組織計劃的嚴格審查，考慮問題的設計，實施和評估。

一般結論認為，雖然一些方法保持相當大的承諾，改善教學，在方案設計和實施，防止確定其潛在的功績通常有嚴重的缺點。