Cyclic and Linear Time in Early India - patterns of time

These others were ignored, perhaps because they were less known to European scholarship; perhaps because if Indian civilisation were to be characterised by an absence of history it would become all the more necessary that Indian history be 'discovered' through the research of scholars who came to be labelled as Orientalists.

其他部分被忽略了，也許是因為歐洲學術界不太知道他們;也許是因為如果印度文明缺乏歷史特點將變得更為必要，通過研究印度歷史上'發現'(印度文明缺乏歷史特點)的學者將被標記為東方學家。
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Repeating cycles would repeat events.This minimised the signficance of human activities.
重複週期將重複的事件。這減少人類活動的重大意義。
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神話-大洪水-英雄世系史-大戰爭-歷史
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the scale of the lunar day, the tithi, with its multiple sub-divisions, muhurta.

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tithi
muhurta
paksha
masa
Hellenistic kingdoms
kalpa 劫 4320 million years ，43億2千萬年
mahayugas
《印度測量單位》

Hindu units of measurement
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yuga
This was initially a five-year cycle.
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uttarayana
dakshinayana
太陽會從南到北被稱為 Uttarayana - 太陽正朝著北方，當它到達北向南移動啟動，它被稱為 Dakshinayana - 太陽正朝著南方


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patterns
1. cosmological time, historical time

2. the creators of myths, the chroniclers of kings, the collectors of taxes and those who pay them

3. cyclic and linear time in early India

4. Equally evocative is the projection of time as that which directs and regulates the universe.

metaphor
1. Time was the creator, begetting the sky and the earth, the wathers and the sun.

2. Time was ultimate cause lying between heaven and earth and weaving the past, present and futureacross space.


Role
1.Sutradhara
Samarangana Sutradhara is an encyclopedic work on classical Indian architecture (Vastu Shastra) written by Paramara King Bhoja of Dhar (1000-1055 AD).

2.Ashoka
阿育王（Ashoka，音譯阿輸迦，意譯無憂，故又稱無憂王，約前304年－前232年）是印度孔雀王朝的第三代君主，頻頭娑羅王之子，是印度歷史上的君王。他是一位佛教徒，後來還成為了佛教的護法。

3. Kuru
摩訶婆羅多人物列表-婆羅多族-俱盧王（Kuru）廣覆之子，俱盧族的名祖



eras 紀元 年號
epigraphic annals of various dynasties 金石學各個朝代紀事

刹那、彈指或一瞬間到底有多長？

作者：吳佳霖
侯文詠 Houwenyong 寫於 2010年10月26日 12:51
常寫刹那、彈指或一瞬之間，一念之間的文藝人士，大概跟我一樣一輩子都搞不清楚，到底誰比較久，又分別是多長吧？


今天不甘心這樣繼續迷糊下去了，於是卯起來查，發現原來其中大有典故。

根據《僧祇律》記載：一剎那者為一念，二十念為一瞬，二十瞬為一彈指，二十彈指為一羅預，二十羅預為一須臾，一日一夜有三十須臾。用一日一夜=86400秒換算結果：1須臾＝48分鐘，1羅預=2分24秒，1彈指＝7.2秒，一瞬間＝0.36秒，一剎那＝一念之間＝0.018秒。

（除了須臾=1/30晝夜外，佛經用20進位）

所以，須臾>彈指>瞬間>刹那=一念之間。

大家跟我一樣開眼界了吧？